. It argues that animals have an inherent right to live free from human exploitation. Proponents often seek the "abolition" of animal use entirely. 🐾 The Five Freedoms (Welfare Framework) Five Freedoms
History suggests that rights flow downhill. First, we gave rights to white male landowners. Then to all races. Then to women. Then to children. The "expanding circle" of moral consideration, as historian William Lecky noted, moves slowly outward.
Animal welfare is concerned with the immediate physical and mental state of an animal. It accepts the human use of animals—for food, research, or companionship—but mandates that such use must be "humane" and minimize suffering.
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