According to the Handbook of Public Policy Implementation , these four factors operate simultaneously and interact with one another:
The Statute of Labourers is a classic "failure" if you judge by compliance. Workers evaded, demanded cash under the table, and migrated. Peasant revolts (most famously in 1381) were fuelled in part by resentment of these labour laws. implementing public policy edward iii pdf
—offering bonuses for healthy growth—to turn their skepticism into cooperation. IV. The Maze of Red Tape (Bureaucratic Structure) According to the Handbook of Public Policy Implementation
Three hours later, the room was full.
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The "street-level bureaucrats"—the people actually doing the work—have their own values and prejudices. If implementers disagree with the goals of a policy, they may exercise their discretion to delay, hinder, or subvert it. Edwards notes that: