Clinical ethology—the study of animal behavior in a veterinary context—has shifted from a niche interest to a core component of general practice. This change is driven by the understanding that a "healthy" animal is not merely one free of disease, but one that is mentally stimulated and emotionally stable.
Often, the first sign of a physical illness is a behavioral change. Because animals cannot verbalize their pain, they communicate through their actions.
One of the most significant advancements in veterinary science is the introduction of "Fear-Free" or low-stress handling techniques. Historically, veterinary visits involved "scruffing," heavy restraint, and force, which were believed to be necessary for safety.